The United States Government report, published in September 2011, pointed to defective cement on the well, faulting mostly BP, but also rig operator Transocean and contractor Halliburton. Numerous investigations explored the causes of the explosion and record-setting spill. One study released in 2014 reported that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening and another study found that cardiotoxicity might have been widespread in animal life exposed to the spill. In April 2013, it was reported that dolphins and other marine life continued to die in record numbers with infant dolphins dying at six times the normal rate. Oil continued to be found as far from the Macondo site as the waters off the Florida Panhandle and Tampa Bay, where scientists said the oil and dispersant mixture is embedded in the sand. Oil cleanup crews worked four days a week on 55 mi (89 km) of Louisiana shoreline throughout 2013. In Louisiana, 4,900,000 lb (2,200 t) of oily material was removed from the beaches in 2013, over double the amount collected in 2012. Due to the months-long spill, along with adverse effects from the response and cleanup activities, extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats and fishing and tourism industries was reported. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is regarded as one of the largest environmental disasters in world history.Ī massive response ensued to protect beaches, wetlands and estuaries from the spreading oil utilizing skimmer ships, floating booms, controlled burns and 1.84 × 10 ^ 6 US gal (7,000 m 3) of oil dispersant.

Reports in early 2012 indicated that the well site was still leaking. After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on 19 September 2010. The United States federal government estimated the total discharge at 4,900 Mbbl (210 million US gal 780,000 m 3). The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the ' BP oil spill') was an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010 off of the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8 to 31 percent larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill, also in the Gulf of Mexico. Frontline: The Spill (54:25), Frontline on PBS

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